Varicella and shingles area

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The shingles virus is transmitted by the airway, causing varicella, the eruptive virus of childhood, especially contagious. The reactivations of the latent virus occur later, in the form of the shingles, on the skin (skin), innervated by a lymph node in which the latent virus exists. Post shingles neuralgia persists 4-5 months after lesions disappear, with special treatment problems. Recently, a live attenuated antiviral vaccine has been introduced into pediatric practice.
The name indicates the two diseases that the virus can cause: varicella in the case of primary infection and the shingles area by reactivation.
The primary infection of varicella infection occurs after the virus enters the nasopharyngeal mucosa. At this level there is viral replication followed by the spread, lymphatic and blood. After the penetration and active replication of the virus in the blood, the invasion of the ectoderm (outer layer of the skin) occurs. This translates clinically by the appearance of characteristic lesions:

at the tegumentary level - exanthem - generalized eruption with lesions that present a typical evolution: macules - papules - vesicles - crusts

in the mucous membranes (respiratory, digestive, genital) -enanthemum
Blood spread in the case of varicella infection occurs in successive waves following the initial virus, which is why the eruptions have a polymorphic character (eruptive elements at different stages - from the macula to the crust) present simultaneously.
Complications in chickenpox:

Bacterial infection of the vesicles, with the formation of pustules after the healing of which persistent skin scars may remain

Post-varicella encephalitis - more common in immunodeficient patients (with low immunity)

Pneumonia caused by chickenpox
The reactivation of the varicella infection occurs due to the fact that during the primary infection the virus migrates along the path of the nerve and then on the path of the infected ganglion, becoming latent (asleep) at this level. Under the influence of some immunosuppressive factors, reactivation followed by recrudescence occurs (re-intensification of the clinical symptoms of a disease during its decline). The result is a vesicular rash strictly localized (characteristically) to the skin area of the respective nerve. The eruption in case of chickenpox is preceded and accompanied by the painful hypersensitivity of the respective area. Also the varicella vesicles will go through the same evolutionary stages described in the primary infection.
Other complications in chickenpox:

Persistent pain in the area of interest (may persist for months to years)

Ophthalmic shingles area

The generalized shingles area - clinically resembles the eruptive picture of varicella, with the difference that in the affected dermatome the eruption is more pronounced

Zosterian encephalitis - a rare complication in the case of chickenpox
You can find out more about chickenpox and the shingles area:

The chickenpox vaccine

Chickenpox

Doctor's advice on chickenpox and pregnancy

Varicella and shingles virus

Chickenpox and pregnancy loss

Pregnancy and varicella (vomiting)

Varicella (vomiting) in the small child

Pregnancy and shingles area